Leabua jonathan biography of abraham

Prime Minister of Lesotho from to

Joseph Leabua Jonathan (30 October – 5 April ) was the first prime minister of Lesotho. He succeeded Chief Sekhonyana Nehemia Maseribane following a by-election and held that post from to

Early life and career

Born in Leribe, Jonathan was a minor chief, like many others a great-grandson of the polygamous KingMoshoeshoe I.

Jonathan worked as a mine induna at Brakpan but because he was a chief he went back to Rakolo's and got involved in local government in Basutoland from and was a member of delegations to London that sought self-government in Basutoland.

Politics and premiership

Jonathan converted to Catholicism and in founded the Canadian Catholic missionary-backed Basutoland National Party (BNP), renamed Basotho National Party at independence.

In the election, barely a year after its formation, Leabua's party came fourth but in the election where women were disfranchised. In the pre-independence elections of April , the BNP won 31 parliamentary seats out of a total of 60 and thus became a legitimate government that eventually took Basotho to independence in October , despite protests from opposition BCP and MFP who now wanted independence postponed.

Biography of isaac Joseph ibn Shraga. Joseph Glidden. He converted to Catholicism as an adult. He succeeded Chief Sekhonyana Nehemia Maseribane following a by-election and held that post from to

Chief Leabua did lose his seat and had to stand for election in a safe seat later. He took office as Prime Minister on 7 July

Soon after Basutoland gained independence in as Lesotho, executive power was transferred from the British High Commissioner to the Prime Minister. Jonathan's government took a pacifist stand in South Africa, and this was supported by independent Southern African states such as Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, and Tanzania among others as they understood the unique situation Lesotho was in as it is completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa and the majority of its people work in the mines there; also because Jonathan at the time thought that he could talk sense with South African prime ministers Henrik Verwoerd and Balthazar Johannes Vorster, who were contemporary with him.

Jonathan was hostile to the Pan Africanist Congress of South Africa who supported the Basutoland Congress Party (BCP) and Marematlou Freedom Party (MFP, but friendly to the African National Congress (ANC).

Leabua jonathan biography of abraham lincoln Before this transition, however, Lekhanya was ousted in by a mutiny of junior army officers that left Phisoane Ramaema as Chairman of the Military Council. Joseph Maman al-Maghribi. Lesotho faced ongoing political instability, including coups and conflicts between the monarchy and the government. In addition to the Jonathan regime's alienation of Basotho powerbrokers and the local population, South Africa had virtually closed the country's land borders because of Lesotho support of cross-border operations of the African National Congress ANC.

He forged closer links with the ANC after the PAC-backed Lesotho Liberation Army, the exiled BCP military wing, prepared to target Lesotho after

State of emergency

Early results of the first post-independence elections in January indicated that the Basotho National Party (BNP) might lose control.

Under the leadership of Prime Minister Chief Leabua Jonathan, the ruling BNP refused to cede power to the rival Basotholand Congress Party (BCP), although the BCP was widely believed to have won the elections. Citing election irregularities, Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan nullified the elections, declared a national state of emergency, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the Parliament.

In , an appointed Interim National Assembly was established. With an overwhelming progovernment majority, it was largely the instrument of the BNP, led by Prime Minister Jonathan. In addition to the Jonathan regime's alienation of Basotho powerbrokers and the local population, South Africa had virtually closed the country's land borders because of Lesotho support of cross-border operations of the African National Congress (ANC).

Moreover, South Africa publicly threatened to pursue more direct action against Lesotho if the Jonathan government did not root out the ANC presence in the country. This internal and external opposition to the government combined to produce violence and internal disorder in Lesotho that eventually led to a military takeover in

Under a January Military Council decree, state executive and legislative powers were transferred to the King who was to act on the advice of the Military Council, a self-appointed group of leaders of the Royal Lesotho Defense Force (RLDF).

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A military government chaired by Justin Lekhanya ruled Lesotho in coordination with King Moshoeshoe II and a civilian cabinet appointed by the King.

In February , King Moshoeshoe II was stripped of his executive and legislative powers and exiled by Lekhanya, and the Council of Ministers was purged. Lekhanya accused those involved of undermining discipline within the armed forces, subverting existing authority, and causing an impasse on foreign policy that had been damaging to Lesotho's image abroad.

Lekhanya announced the establishment of the National Constituent Assembly to formulate a new constitution for Lesotho with the aim of returning the country to democratic, civilian rule by June Before this transition, however, Lekhanya was ousted in by a mutiny of junior army officers that left Phisoane Ramaema as Chairman of the Military Council.

Leabua jonathan biography of abraham Jonathan was defeated, but his party won a slim majority. He then served as prime minister and minister of external affairs, first for independent Basutoland and then for the independent Kingdom of Lesotho October 4, Calm returned when the Basutoland Congress party agreed. Chief Joseph Leabua Jonathan gale.

Racial policy and opposition to apartheid

Despite Lesotho's economic dependence on South Africa and the government's official policy during the s of dialogue with its neighbour, Jonathan began criticizing the South African government's policy of apartheid supporting for the prohibited African National Congress (ANC) when international advisers suggested Pretoria's days were numbered.

During the late s, Jonathan, despite his regime's protests to Libya, nevertheless accused the South African government of supporting the Lesotho Liberation Army (LLA). Mokhehle did go to Pretoria but only in late The main LLA force was wiped out in but later recruits were assisted by a Transkei-based American mercenary with Rhodesian army service, Major Bob MacKenzie, son-in-law of the former CIA deputy-director, Ray Steiner Cline, a former member of the Nixon administration.^[1] The South African government denied these claims but later admitted Mokhehle was part of the notorious Vlakplaas operation.

Awards and recognition

• Dag Hammarskjöld award in
• Honorary PhD in education from the NUL in
• Companion of O.R. Tambo Award (gold) in (posthumously)

Downfall and death

On 20 January , a military coup led by Major General Justin Metsing Lekhanya, under pressure both from Pretoria and the Leballo faction of the Pan Africanist Congress, deposed the Jonathan government.

Leabua jonathan biography of abraham maslow April 5, aged Joseph of Exeter. In February , King Moshoeshoe II was stripped of his executive and legislative powers and exiled by Lekhanya, and the Council of Ministers was purged. He also served on the Panel of 18, the council's constitutional reform committee.

Leabua Jonathan was placed under house arrest in August and died of a heart attack on 5 April at the age of

References

External links